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🇧🇩 National profile

About Bangladesh

The People’s Republic of Bangladesh — গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ — is a country of 171 M people packed into 148,460 km² of delta, making it one of the most densely populated nations on Earth.

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The official record

🏛️ State & government

Official nameThe People’s Republic of Bangladesh
In Banglaগণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ
CapitalDhaka
GovernmentUnitary parliamentary republic
LegislatureJatiya Sangsad (National Parliament) — 350 seats
Independence26 March 1971 (declared) — 16 December 1971 (victory)
Constitution4 November 1972
UN member since17 September 1974

🌐 Everyday details

Official languageBangla (Bengali)
CurrencyBangladeshi Taka (BDT, ৳)
Calling code+880
Internet domain.bd
Driving sideLeft
ISO codesBD / BGD / 050
GDP (nominal)≈ US$ 460 billion
GDP (PPP)≈ US$ 1.6 trillion
UN Commonwealth SAARC BIMSTEC OIC D-8 WTO NAM

National symbols

The flag, the anthem and the living things that stand for the country.

National flag

Bottle-green field with a red disc, set slightly toward the hoist

National anthem

Amar Sonar Bangla — words and music by Rabindranath Tagore

National flower

Shapla — white water lily (Nymphaea nouchali)

National fruit

Jackfruit (kathal)

National tree

Mango tree (aam)

National animal

Royal Bengal Tiger

National bird

Oriental magpie-robin (doel)

National fish

Hilsa (ilish)

National sport

Kabaddi (ha-du-du)

National mosque

Baitul Mukarram, Dhaka

National poet

Kazi Nazrul Islam — the rebel poet

National monument

Jatiyo Smriti Soudho, Savar

Two thousand years, briefly

From the ancient city of Pundranagara to the Padma Bridge.

3rd c. BCE
Pundranagara (Mahasthangarh) flourishes as the earliest known city of the region.
8th–12th c.
The Pala Empire makes Bengal a centre of Buddhist learning; Somapura Mahavihara is built.
1352
The Bengal Sultanate unites the region; Bengali becomes a court language.
1576
Mughal conquest; Dhaka later becomes the provincial capital as Jahangirnagar.
1757
Defeat at Plassey begins two centuries of British colonial rule.
1905
Partition of Bengal creates Eastern Bengal and Assam, and is reversed in 1911.
1947
Partition of India; East Bengal joins Pakistan as its eastern wing.
1952
The Language Movement — students give their lives for Bangla on 21 February.
1971
The Liberation War; independence is won on 16 December.
1974
Bangladesh joins the United Nations.
1998
The Bangabandhu Bridge connects the north-west to the rest of the country.
2022
The Padma Bridge and the first Dhaka Metro line open.
2023
South Asia’s first underwater tunnel opens beneath the Karnaphuli.

What Bangladesh eats

Rice, fish and mustard oil — and everything built on top of them.

🐟

Ilish Bhapa

Hilsa steamed in mustard paste — the national dish in all but name.

🍛

Kacchi Biryani

Old Dhaka’s slow-cooked mutton and rice, the centrepiece of every wedding.

🍚

Panta Bhat with Ilish

Fermented rice and fried hilsa, eaten on Pohela Boishakh morning.

🌶️

Bhorta platter

Mashed vegetables, dried fish and mustard oil — the everyday soul of Bengali cooking.

🍮

Bogurar Doi

Sweet clay-pot yogurt from Bogura, with a Geographical Indication tag.

🥮

Pitha

Winter rice cakes — bhapa, chitoi, patishapta — made with date molasses.

🥘

Mezban Beef

The fiery communal beef curry of Chattogram.

🥣

Chatpati & Fuchka

The street snack every Bangladeshi grows up on.

Things people get surprised by

💡Bangladesh has the largest river delta in the world, formed by the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna.

💡The Sundarbans is the largest mangrove forest on Earth and the only mangrove tiger habitat.

💡Cox’s Bazar has the longest uninterrupted natural sea beach in the world, about 120 km long.

💡21 February is observed globally as International Mother Language Day because of the 1952 Language Movement in Dhaka.

💡Bangladesh is the second-largest ready-made garment exporter in the world.

💡It is the world’s largest contributor of troops to United Nations peacekeeping operations.

💡Bengali (Bangla) is the sixth most spoken language in the world, with over 270 million speakers.

💡The country grows more jute than almost anywhere else — the "golden fibre" of Bengal.

💡Muhammad Yunus and Grameen Bank won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006 for microcredit.

💡The Bengali calendar has six seasons rather than four.

💡Bangladesh ranks among the top freshwater fish producers in the world.

💡The Jatiya Sangsad Bhaban by Louis Kahn is considered one of the finest legislative buildings ever built.